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We’ve reviewed this guide and confirmed that our advice is up-to-date.

You and your sleep partner may not be the only ones in your bed. Under the sheets and past the mattress cover there’s a thriving ecosystem of dust mites, along with dead skin cells and sweat (which you serve up for those mites every time you sleep).

Cleaning your mattress not only keeps out mites and helps prevent stains and odors, it can also help your mattress last longer. We’ll show you how to maintain a sparkling mattress as well as how to clean up after accidental messes.

If you have a mattress encasement, it takes only a couple of minutes to zip off the encasement and throw it into the machine.

If you don’t have an encasement, routine vacuuming could take 10 or so minutes. If you’re dealing with an emergency situation (pee, spilled coffee), then that might take 10 or so minutes of active cleaning and vacuuming time, and a few hours for drying in between.

We’re not the only ones who recommend using a mattress encasement. Everyone we interviewed—including a textile expert, a chemist, an allergist , a mattress seller, and a mattress maker—also advised that people use one.

An encasement’s tight weave keeps skin flakes, dust, dust mites, and liquid droplets (pee, sweat, coffee, and so on) from getting through the pores of your sheets and mattress fabric.

Dust mites are generally harmless. But if you’re allergic, they can cause sneezing, runny noses, and other respiratory problems. Whenever you change sheets (which should be once a week), double-check that the encasement is completely zipped.

Unless the encasement gets soiled, you can get away with washing your encasement once or twice a year. “Washing too often will loosen the fibers and make it not work as well,” said Dr. Sonal Patel, a Pasadena, California, allergist.

Wipe away any excess gunk that leaked through the bed sheets.

Carefully remove the encasement, and wash it according to the manufacturer’s label.

Make sure there’s no leakage on the mattress. Assuming that the encasement worked as it should, take a few moments to marvel at the miracle (I always do).

If you don’t have a mattress encasement, vacuum your mattress once a month, using a full-size vacuum cleaner with powerful suction.

Run the upholstery attachment across the surfaces to pick up debris. Use the angled, hose-like crevice cleaner on the nooks and crannies, to suck out trapped dust in the tufting, quilting, and edge piping.

Use dry paper towels to clean as much of the excess grossness as possible.

Add equal parts white vinegar and warm water to a spray bottle. Aqsa Tasleem, a textile expert and product manager for Corsicana Mattress Company, suggests also including a squirt of dishwashing liquid, to cut through the grimy bits and any oils.

Be thorough, but go sparingly. “You do not want the solution to soak deep into the foam and make it difficult to dry,” Tasleem says.

Use a washcloth or microfiber sheet, and work the solution through without pressing into the mattress. Continue until any coloring is gone, says William Carroll Jr., adjunct professor of chemistry at Indiana University and owner of Carroll Applied Science. Finish with a spritz of plain water to remove residual cleanser. Dab with a clean cloth or paper towel to dry. (For tough stains like cat pee, consider an enzyme cleaner; enzymes break down molecules that can cause stains, says Carroll. Follow instructions on the label.)

After dabbing dry your vinegar solution, sprinkle enough baking soda to absorb the wetness, and leave it on for a few hours. While the white vinegar (an acid) reacts with the basic components in urine to help neutralize the smell, the baking soda (a base) takes care of the smelly acids (including stomach acid in vomit).

Ideally, Carroll explains, wait until all of the baking soda is completely dry, and then vacuum it up. If you feel that you need to disinfect the mattress (for instance, if someone with a stomach bug got sick on it), spritz the mattress with store-bought disinfectant or 70% pure rubbing alcohol.

Dry the mattress completely before you sleep on it. Open the windows, or use a hair dryer to speed up the process, if necessary. “Whatever you do, avoid turning the mattress over on the frame,” says Stuart Carlitz, president and CEO of Eclipse International. That old trick will leave the mattress damp and invite mildew.

Joanne Chen is a former senior staff writer reporting on sleep and other lifestyle topics. Previously, she covered health and wellness as a magazine editor. After an assignment forced her to sleep eight hours a day for a month, she realized that she is, in fact, a smarter, nicer person when she isn’t sleep-deprived.

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